The TUS experiment is designed to investigate the ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) at energy ∼100 EeV from the space orbit by the UV radiation measurement of extensive air showers (EAS). It is the first orbital telescope aimed for such measurements and is taking data since April 28, 2016. TUS detector consists of a modular Fresnel mirror and a photo receiver matrix with a field of view...
Nowadays, ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) are subject to intense research of great interest. The existence of such rays with an energy above $10^{20}$ eV is contradicted by the limit GZK due to photo-pion production, or by nuclei photo-disintegration, in the interaction of UHECR with the cosmic microwave background.
In this work, detailed simulations of extensive air showers have been...
High speed photon detectors are one of the most important tools for observations of high energy cosmic rays. As technology of photon detectors and its read-out electronics improved rapidly, it became possible to observe cosmic rays with time resolution better than one nano-second. To utilize such devices effectively, calibration using a short-pulse light source is mandatory. We have developed...
The IceCube Collaboration recently announced the detection of a high-energy astrophysical neutrino consistent with arriving from the direction of the blazar TXS 0506+056 during an energetic gamma-ray flare. In light of this finding, we consider the implications for neutrino emission from blazar flares in general. We discuss the likely total contribution of blazar flares to the diffuse neutrino...
Over the years, significant efforts have been devoted to the understanding of the radio emission of extensive air shower (EAS) in the range [20-80] MHz but, despite some studies led until the nineties, the [1-10] MHz band has remained unused for nearly 30 years. At that time it has been measured by some pioneering experiments but also suggested by theoretical calculations that EAS could...
We are developing a standard light source with UV-LED of calibration device for fluorescence detector (FD). This device is called Opt-copter. The standard light source is mounted on the UAV, and it can stay at an arbitrary position within the FOD of the FD. The GPS for surveying is highly accurate (~10 cm) and measures the position of the light source synchronously with the light emission....
The Auger@TA project is a combined effort involving members of both the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array experiment (TA) to cross-calibrate detectors and compare results on air showers detected at one location. We have recently reported results from Phase I of the project, during which we collected and presented data from two Auger water-Cherenkov surface-detector stations...
The Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) is a proposed large-area, next-generation experiment for the detection of ultra-high energy cosmic rays via the atmospheric fluorescence technique. The telescope’s large field-of-view (30°x30°) is imaged by four 200 mm photomultiplier-tubes at the focal plane of a segmented spherical mirror of 1.6 m diameter. Two prototypes are...
The TA experiment has three FD stations these containing 38 FDs.
In addition, 16 FD was newly added by TAx4 and TALE.
In order to reconstruct FD observation data to air shower information, it is necessary to calibrate the influence of aerosol attenuation. CLF measures atmospheric transparency of TA site.
The arrival directions of cosmic rays detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory (Auger) with energies above 39 EeV were recently reported to correlate with the positions of 23 nearby starburst galaxies (SBGs): in their best-fit model, 9.7% of the cosmic-ray flux originates from these objects and undergoes angular diffusion on a 12.9° scale. On the other hand, some of the SBGs on their list,...
Telescope Array constructed in Utah USA is a largest air shower observatory in the northern hemisphere aiming at clarifying the origin of UHECRs. In order for better understandings of the air shower phenomenon we report a study on the distribution of arriving signals measured with FADC of the TA Surface detector we use 10 years TA SD data to examine which include delay time to shower front...
The Telescope Array (TA) is an international experiment studying ultra-high energy cosmic rays.
TA uses fluorescence detection technology to observe cosmic rays, and in order to estimate the flux of cosmic rays with the observation of the fluorescence detector (FD), it is necessary to estimate the condition of FD observation area correctly.
Because the cloud has a great influence on the Field...
Experimental observations of Galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays, neutrinos and gamma rays in the last decade challenge the theoretical description of both the sources and the transport of these particles. The latest version of the publicly available simulation framework CRPropa 3.2 is a Monte-Carlo based software package capable of providing consistent solutions of the cosmic-ray origin...
We present a novel approach to search for origins of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. In a simultaneous fit to all observed cosmic rays we use the galactic magnetic field as a mass spectrometer and adapt the nuclear charges such that their extragalactic arrival directions are concentrated in as few directions as possible. During the fit the nuclear charges are constraint by the individual...
EUSO-TA is a cosmic ray detector developed by the JEM-EUSO Collaboration (Joint Experiment Missions for Extreme Universe Space Observatory), observing during nighttime the fluorescence light emitted through the path of extensive air showers in the atmosphere. It is installed at the Telescope Array site in Utah, USA, in front of the fluorescence detector station in Black Rock Mesa, as...
Telescope Array (TA) is a large cosmic ray detector in the Northern hemisphere that measures cosmic rays of energies from PeV to 100 EeV and higher. Main TA consists of a surface detector (SD) of 507 plastic scintillation counters of 1200 m separation on a square grid that is overlooked by three fluorescence detector stations. We present the cosmic ray energy spectrum measured by the TA SD...
The Fluorescence Detector (FD) at the Pierre Auger Observatory has triggered on numerous elves since the first observation in 2005, and it has potential for simultaneous Terrestrial Gamma ray Flashes (TGF) detection. In addition, the Surface Detector (SD) observed peculiar events with radially expanding footprints, which are correlated with lightning strikes reconstructed by the World Wide...
The Pierre Auger Observatory is currently upgrading its surface detector array by placing a 3.84 square meter scintillator on top of each of the existing 1660 water-Cherenkov detectors. The differing responses of the two detectors allow for the disentanglement of the muonic and electromagnetic components of extensive air showers, which ultimately facilitates reconstruction of the mass...
The Hellenic Open University (HOU) Cosmic Ray Telescope (ASTRONEU) comprises 9 charged particle detectors and 3 RF antennas arranged in three autonomous stations operating at the University Campus of HOU in the city of Patra. In this work, we extend the analysis of very high energy showers that are detected by more than one station and in coincidence with the RF antennas of the Telescope. We...
The Telescope Array Low-energy Extension (TALE) experiment is a hybrid air shower detector for observation of air showers produced by very high energy cosmic rays above 10^16.5 eV.TALE is located at the north part of the Telescope Array (TA) experiment site in the western desert of Utah, USA. TALE has a surface detector (SD) array made up of 103 scintillation counters, including 40 with 400 m...
The Track Ultraviolet Setup (TUS) detector was launched on April 28, 2016 as a part of the scientific payload of the Lomonosov satellite. TUS is a path-finder mission for future space-based observation of Extreme Energy Cosmic Rays (EECRs, E > 5x10^19 eV) with experiments such as K-EUSO. TUS data offer the opportunity to develop strategies in the analysis and reconstruction of the events which...
EUSO-SPB1 was a balloon-borne mission of the JEM-EUSO (Joint Experiment Missions for Extreme Universe Space Observatory) Program aiming at the observation of UHECRs from space. The EUSO-SPB1 telescope was a fluorescence detector with a 1 m2 Fresnel refractive optics and a focal surface covered with 36 multi-anode photomultiplier tubes for a total of 2304 channels covering ~11 degrees FOV. Each...
In order to get the primary energy of cosmic rays from their extensive air showers using the fluorescence detection technique, the invisible energy should be added to the measured calorimetric energy. The invisible energy is the energy carried away by particles that do not deposit all their energy in the atmosphere.
It has traditionally been calculated using Monte Carlo simulations that are...
An upgrade of the present IceCube surface array (IceTop) with scintillation detectors and possibly radio antennas is foreseen. The enhanced array will calibrate the impact of snow accumulation on the reconstruction of cosmic-ray showers detected by IceTop as well as improve the veto capabilities of the surface array. In addition, such a hybrid surface array of radio antennas, scintillators...
One of the uncertainties in ultrahigh energy cosmic ray (UHECR) observation derives from the hadronic interaction model used for air shower Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations. One may test the hadronic interaction models by comparing the measured number of muons observed at the ground from UHECR induced air showers with the MC prediction.
The Telescope Array (TA) is the largest experiment in the...
As part of the upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory, the AMIGA (Auger Muons and Infill for the Ground Array) underground muon detector extension will allow for direct muon measurements for showers falling into the 750m SD vertical array. We optimized the AMIGA muon reconstruction procedure by introducing a geometrical correction for muons leaving a signal in multiple detector strips due to...
KLYPVE-EUSO (K-EUSO) is a planned orbital detector of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), which is to be deployed on board the International Space Station. K-EUSO is expected to have an almost uniform exposure over the celestial sphere and register from 120 to 500 UHECRs at energies above ~57 EeV in a 2-year mission. We employ the CRPropa3 package to estimate prospects of testing the...
The fluorescence detector technique is using the atmosphere
as a calorimeter. Besides the precise monitoring of the parameters
of the atmosphere a proper knowledge of the optical properties in
the UV range of all optical components involved in the measurements
of the fluorescence light is vital.
Until now, the end-to-end calibration was performed with a 4.5 m^2 large,
uniformly lit light...
The prototype array of the underground muon detector as part of the AMIGA enhancement was built and operated until November 2017. During this engineering phase, the array was composed of seven stations. The detector design as well as its performance for physics deliverables were validated and optimized. The most notable improvement was the selection of silicon photo-multipliers rather than...
The average profiles of cosmic ray showers developing with traversed atmospheric depth are measured for the first time, with the Fluorescence Detectors at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The profile shapes are well reproduced by the Gaisser-Hillas parametrization, at the 1% level in a 500 g/cm2 interval around the shower maximum, for cosmic rays with log(E/eV) > 17.8. The results are quantified...
The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) complements the Pierre Auger Observatory with 150 radio-antenna stations measuring in the
frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. With an instrumented area of 17 km^2, the array constitutes the largest cosmic-ray radio detector
built to date, allowing us to do multi-hybrid measurements of cosmic rays in the energy range of ~10^17 eV up to several 10^18...
The atmospheric aerosol monitoring system of the Pierre Auger Observatory, initiated in 2004, continues to operate smoothly. Two laser facilities (Central Laser Facility, CLF and eXtreme Laser Facility, XLF) each fire sets of 50 laser shots four times per hour during Fluorescence Detector (FD) shifts.
The FD measures these UV laser tracks. Analysis of these tracks yields hourly measurements...
The very recent anisotropy at highest UHECR energies is smootly clustering in several wide spots (or hot spots) : Cen A, M82, NGC 253 are at a few Mpc distance and are possible the main sources of these anisotropies in AUGER and TA data.
Because the Virgo absence and the UHECR airshower slat depth most of UHECR are lightest nuclei.
Other additional growing clustering may be related to well...
We consider the pion production in collisions of ultra high energy protons with the MBR . The probability of such a process is calculated, and is found to be in the strong dependence on the quark-gluon vertex at high energies in the hard QCD limit. The relation of the obtained results to the experimental knee in the energy spectrum of ultra high energy protons allows us to get information...
The discover in AUGER of a dipole remarkable anisotropy it is statistically the most strong in the whole Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray history. It implies a dipole anisotropy almost overlapping to the Argo-Hawc one at tens TeV energy. However
the tens TeV anisotropy it must be very local (galactic) one while the UHECR are supposed to be (as their name suggest) Cosmic ones.
We show that there...
