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- Jerome Baudot (IPHC)
The ATLAS inner detector will be completely replaced to cope with the increased occupancy, bandwidth and radiation damage that will be posed by the High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider. The new all-silicon Inner Tracker (ITk) will be equipped with pixel detectors in the innermost part, using several silicon sensor technologies equipped with novel ASICs connected by bump-bonding...
The Mu3e experiment aims to detect charged lepton flavor violation through the
decay channel μ → e e e. With sensitivities of 10^−15 in its initial phase and
10^−16 in the final phase, it improves upon prior experiments by four orders of
magnitude. The innovative experimental concept is based on a tracking detector
built from novel ultra-thin silicon pixel sensors and scintillating fibres...
Precise tracking in space and time is becoming a more and more pivotal ingredient in designing high-energy physics experiments. Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) with an active thickness of $\sim$ 50 µm have proved the ability of silicon sensors to provide precise timing down to about 30 ps. At present, this timing performance is maintained almost unchanged up to a fluence of...
The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) is expected to deliver an integrated luminosity of 3000 - 4000 fb$^{-1}$ after 10 years of operation with peak instantaneous luminosity reaching about 5 - 7.5 $\times10^{34}$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. During Long Shutdown 3, several components of the CMS detector will undergo major changes, called Phase-2 upgrade, to be able to operate in the challenging environment of...
Caribou is a versatile data acquisition system used in multiple collaborative frameworks (CERN EP R&D, DRD3, AIDAinnova) for both bench-top and test-beam qualification of novel silicon pixel detector prototypes. The system is built around a common hardware, firmware and software base shared accross different projects, thereby drastically reducing the development effort and cost. The current...
The charge-integrating pixel detector is one of the major enablers of new science at X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facilities. Such detector must revolve high dynamic range diffraction images resulting from interaction between the sample and ultra intense X-ray pulses with duration in order of femtosecond. Ideally, the frame rate of the detector should match the repetition rate of the laser...
Signal reduction is the most important radiation damage effect on performance of silicon tracking detectors. Adjusting sensor bias voltage and detection threshold can help in mitigating the effects, but it is important to have simulated data that reproduce the evolution of performance with the accumulation of luminosity, hence fluence.
The two innermost pixel layers of ATLAS (Insertable...
The CERN proposed $e^+e^-$ Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee) is designed as an electroweak, flavour, Higgs and top factory with unprecedented luminosities. Many measurements at the FCC-ee will rely on the precise determination of the vertices, measured by dedicated vertex detectors.
All vertex detector designs use Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) with a single-hit resolution of ≈3 µm...
Belle II ugpgrade is expected around 2028 to mitigate the high background induced by electron and positron beams. We have invented a new pixel detector concept named Dual Timer Pixel (DuTiP) for the vertex detector upgrade. This pixel detector concept can be also used for the layer 7 and 8 of the ILD vertex detector. The first prototype was fabricated with lapis semiconductor 200 nm FD-SOI...
With the beginning of the High Luminosity program of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) the ATLAS detector will have to face an increased instantaneous luminosity up to 7.5$\cdot$ 10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ and an average of 200 proton-proton collisions per bunch-crossing. To be ready for these challenging beam conditions the ATLAS Inner Detector will be completely replaced with a new...
HEPS-BPIX4 is a new engineering generation hybrid pixel detector prototype with 6M pixels with 140μm×140μm following the previous one with a pixel size of 150um×150um and frame rate up to 1.2kHz at 20-bit dynamic range. The 6M pixel detector is design for the Biological macromolecule experiment station of HEPS(BA beamline), which will be operational by 2025. The BPIX chip, fabricated in a...
Recent advancements in silicon sensor technology have paved the way for the development of high-resolution 4D-tracking detectors capable of simultaneously measuring the position and time of passage of charged particles within a single sensitive device. A key approach is the use of resistive read-out in thin Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) sensors, which introduces combined intrinsic signal...
High voltage CMOS pixel sensors are proposed in many future particle physics experiments such as the HL-LHC upgrades and future circular colliders. The ATLASPIX3 chip consists of 49000 pixels of dimension 50μm x 150 μm, realised in in TSI 180nm HVCMOS technology. It was the first full reticle size monolithic HVCMOS sensor suitable for construction of multi-chip modules and supporting serial...
Monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) integrating sensitive element and readout circuits into one silicon chip have proven their good performance as high spatial resolution particle trackers in the past years. The MAPS provides high granularity with low material budget and has been applicated in high energy physical experiments, such as MIMOSA sensors for the STAR HFT at RICH, ALPIDE sensors...
The Micro Vertex Detector (MVD) is the first downstream detector of the fixed-target CBM experiment at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). It enables high-precision tracking of low-momentum particles in direct proximity of the target, e.g., the first out of four planar stations is placed only 8 cm downstream the interaction point. Thus, minimizing the material budget...
The Inner Tracking System (ITS) of the ALICE experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the largest Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor technology application in high-energy physics.
The updated version of the tracking system, called ITS2, consists of seven concentric layers of ALPIDE monolithic active pixel sensors produced in the 180 nm CMOS process, covering a total sensitive area of...
The ATLAS experiment will undergo major upgrades for operation at the high luminosity LHC. The high pile-up interaction environment (up to 200 interactions per 40MHz bunch crossing) requires a new radiation-hard tracking detector with a fast readout.
The Inner Tracker (ITk) upgrade is an international effort to meet this challenge.
The scale of the upgraded tracker is much larger than...
Recent advancements in particle physics demand pixel detectors that can withstand increased energy and luminosity in the future collider experiments. In response, MALTA, a novel monolithic active pixel detector, has been developed with a cutting-edge readout architecture. This new class of monolithic pixel detectors is found to have exceptional radiation tolerance, superior hit rates, higher...
Using the CENPA Tandem accelerator at the University of Washington, we studied the response of low gain avalanche detectors (LGADs) to MeV-range deposits from a proton beam. LGADs are thin silicon detectors with moderate internal signal amplification. This type of devices is prone to a gain suppression mechanism, which is the topic of this study, especially for large energy depositions....
With the next upgrade of the ALICE inner tracking system (ITS3) as its primary focus, a set of small MAPS test chips have been developed in the 65 nm TPSCo CMOS process. The Circuit Exploratoire 65 nm (CE-65) focuses on the important characterisation of the analogue charge collection properties of this technology. The latest iteration of sensor design in this line of development is CE-65v2,...
An upgraded vertex detector (or VTX) is in development for the Belle II
experiment. A central concept of the VTX is the usage of a new CMOS
monolithic pixel sensor, OBELIX. The design of this sensor offers new
possibilities for specific read-out modes, such as a fast output for
track-triggering purpose with degraded spatial granularity.
That means the nearly 400 000 pixels of OBELIX...
Monolithic active pixel sensors with depleted substrates present a promising option for pixel detectors in high-radiation environments. Leveraging high-resistivity silicon substrates and high bias voltages in commercial CMOS technologies facilitates depletion of the charge sensitive volume. This enhances the radiation tolerance and charge collection capabilities to meet the demands of such...
Silicon strip detectors developed for the Inner Tracker (ITk) of the ATLAS experiment will operate in a harsh radiation environment of the HL-LHC accelerator. The ITk is thus designed to endure a total fluence of 1.6×1015 1 MeV neq/cm2 and a total ionizing dose (TID) of 66 Mrad in the strip detector region. A radiation-hard n⁺-in-p technology is implemented in the ITk strip sensors. To achieve...
During the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2), the ALICE Inner Tracking System was upgraded to its second version ITS2, consisting of 7 layers of silicon CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors, the ALICE Pixel Detectors (ALPIDE MAPS). Thanks to the integrated read-out circuitry, ALPIDE MAPS thickness in terms of radiation length X₀ has already been reduced to 0.36%X₀ per layer in ITS2, but this could be...
The Inner Tracking System 3 (ITS3) is the new vertex detector proposed for the upgrade of the ALICE experiment at CERN planned for the LHC long shutdown 3. It will consist of bent, wafer-scale monolithic pixel sensors manufactured in the TPSCo 65 nm process, reducing the material budget to an average of 0.9%X0 and the innermost layer’s radius to 19 mm. These improvements will double the impact...
Due to their advantages of fast readout rate, high integration and low power consumption of CMOS image sensors, they have been widely used in medical imaging, security monitoring, and space X-ray detection. As an important part of CMOS image sensors, the performance of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) directly affects the quality of imaging. In large-area and high-speed CMOS image sensors,...
In this presentation we will show results from our comprehensive study on inter-pixel region in trench-isolated Low Gain Avalanche Detectors. The focus will be on recently observed atypical self-induced signals with extremely large amplitude that are also very extended in time. We will be comparing the results from study on Trenched LGADs with results from study on Trenched PINs. We will be...
In view of the High Luminosity LHC, the current CMS Tracker detector will have to be replaced during Long Shutdown 3 to survive the higher radiation environment and to withstand an increased data rate. To prepare for the so called CMS Phase II upgrade, multiple studies were carried out to characterize the pixel module design and their performance. For this purpose, different aspects were put...
Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) offer the possibility to integrate sensors and readout electronics on the same chip in a standard CMOS process. This significantly reduces the material budget while maintaining good spatial resolution, making MAPS an attractive solution for High Energy Physics (HEP) applications. A prominent example of MAPS in HEP applications is the new ITS3 vertex...
X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facilities can delivery femtosecond X-ray pulses with ultra-high peak brightness, which in turn calls for high performance integrating type pixel detectors. State-of-the-art pixel read chips for detectors commissioning at XFEL facilities usually employ amplifiers with multi-gain stages within the pixel to reach high dynamic range, typically from 1 to 10$^4$...
During the last years, the need for innovative technologies that allows to enhance performance of particle tracking detectors has become a very important point. New sensor technologies play a key role in detector R&D, focusing the development on increased radiation hardness, improved timing and space resolution.
Among the currently developed sensor technologies, the 3D silicon sensor has...
The impact of radiation on Si-based detectors has garnered interest due to the observed degradation in their stability in high-radiation environments. In this study, we examined the effects of 1 MeV neutron-irradiation at different fluences on the electrical properties of undoped n-Si diodes using current-voltage (I-V) technique. The irradiation fluences ranged from 0 to 1017 n/cm2. The...
The vertex detector in high energy physics experiment requires high spatial resolution, fast readout, and low power consumption. The Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) is the most promising candidate technology to satisfy all those requirements. We have developed the MAPS sensor MIC6_V1 in a 55 nm quad-well CMOS image sensor process with a node-based data-driven readout scheme.
MIC6_V1...
The vertex detector in high-energy physics experiments demands high spatial resolution, fast readout, and low power consumption. The Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) stands out as the most promising technology to fulfill all these requirements. A 55nm CMOS imaging sensor process has been selected because it allows for full CMOS utilization within the pixel, facilitated by the availability...
