Name: Séminaire du Centre d'études du vivant - Les universales : La science et le vivant face aux crises écologiques et sociales et à l’arrivée de l’intelligence artificielle
Start: 2024-11-20T00:00:00+01:00
End: 2024-11-20T23:00:00+01:00
Location: paris

Séminaire du Centre d'études du vivant - Les universales : La science et le vivant face aux crises écologiques et sociales et à l’arrivée de l’intelligence artificielle

mercredi 20 novembre 2024 - 00:00

lundi 18 novembre 2024
mardi 19 novembre 2024
mercredi 20 novembre 2024
14:00 Introduction - Matteo Barsuglia (APC/UPCité/CEV) Derek Humpreys (UPCité/CEV)
Introduction
- Matteo Barsuglia (APC/UPCité/CEV)
- Derek Humpreys (UPCité/CEV)
14:00 - 14:20
Room: Amphithéâtre Pierre-Gilles de Gennes Introduction au cycle de séminaires
14:20 Artificial intelligence: Bridging Science, Society, and Innovation - Yvonne Becherini (UPCité and DiiP)
Artificial intelligence: Bridging Science, Society, and Innovation
- Yvonne Becherini (UPCité and DiiP)
14:20 - 15:35
Room: Amphithéâtre Pierre-Gilles de Gennes Artificial Intelligence is revolutionising our World as we know it, with profound impacts on every aspect of society: healthcare, finance, science, education, transportation, industry, etc. In 2024, we are witnessing impressive advances in the quality of the AI models on a weekly basis. This represents a significant opportunity for various applied research fields to increase productivity and drive innovation, leaving to the machines the complex task of knowledge extraction from data. In fields like healthcare, AI is driving precision medicine, improving diagnostics, and personalising treatment plans. In finance, it is optimising risk management and transforming decision-making processes. The scientific community is taking advantage of AI to accelerate research, whether through simulations, predictive modelling, or the analysis of complex patterns. AI-powered tools are also reshaping how we learn, making education more accessible and personalised, while autonomous systems are redefining transportation with safer, smarter, and more efficient mobility solutions. In industry, AI is revolutionising manufacturing processes, enhancing supply chains, and driving sustainable practices. AI therefore presents a great opportunity for society but it also comes with great responsibility. The ultra-fast evolution of AI also brings challenges, particularly in areas such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the ethical use of AI technologies. Addressing these issues is crucial to ensure that the developments in AI remain aligned with human values and societal well-being. The decision by the Nobel Committee to award the 2024 prizes in both Physics and Chemistry to advancements in artificial intelligence is a significant recognition of the profound impact AI is having on science and society. The talk will touch upon all the interesting societal aspects of AI and will discuss the challenges that come with its ultra-fast integration across different sectors.
15:35 Quelques éléments rétrospectifs et d'analyse de la crise environnementale - Patrick Hennebelle (CEA saclay)
Quelques éléments rétrospectifs et d'analyse de la crise environnementale
- Patrick Hennebelle (CEA saclay)
15:35 - 16:50
Room: Amphithéâtre Pierre-Gilles de Gennes En quelques années, la crise environnementale est devenue un sujet d'inquiétude majeur aussi bien à l'échelle internationale qu'à l'échelle des individus. Depuis les accords de Paris, la question est à présent abordée chaque année à l'échelle internationale et des efforts sont entrepris pour limiter les émissions notamment en Europe et en France où des plans d'action ambitieux ont été adoptés. Pour autant, à l'échelle mondiale, les émissions de gaz à effet de serre continuent de progresser. Au sein de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche (ESR), une prise de conscience s'est opérée, notamment en France et plusieurs initiatives ont vu le jour pour prendre en compte les émissions et opérer des réductions. Durant l'exposé, je ferais tout d'abord un rapide état des lieux de la crise climatique et de ses conséquences à venir. Je décrirais les différents efforts entrepris pour maitriser et réduire les émissions, puis je m'appesantirais plus spécifiquement sur le cas de l'ESR. Je proposerais quelques pistes de réflexion sur les difficultés qui freinent la mise en oeuvre de la réduction des émissions.
16:50 Pause café
Pause café
16:50 - 17:10
Room: Amphithéâtre Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
17:10 Global Inequalities: Trends, Concerns, and the Case for Equal Opportunity - Paolo Brunori (Associate Professorial Research Fellow, International Inequalities Institute, London School of Economics & University of Florence, associate professor)
Global Inequalities: Trends, Concerns, and the Case for Equal Opportunity
- Paolo Brunori (Associate Professorial Research Fellow, International Inequalities Institute, London School of Economics & University of Florence, associate professor)
17:10 - 18:25
Room: Amphithéâtre Pierre-Gilles de Gennes This lecture begins by examining global inequality trends over recent decades, focusing on disparities between and within countries. We then review evidence on the relationship between inequality and economic growth, tracing its evolution from Kuznets' original hypothesis to recent findings emerging in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. The lecture will then explore contemporary theories of distributive justice, including the "equality of what" debate, which has highlighted the importance of social mobility and horizontal inequality—often framed as inequality of opportunity. Finally, we will present empirical evidence on these forms of inequalities

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