Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been manufactured since the 1950s. One of the main applications of PFAS is as a low-viscosity sealant in aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) to extinguish hydrocarbon fires. The irrational use of AFFF in firefighting sites contaminated the soil and water system,signaling a serious and complex sanitary and environmental risk. It is therefore...
On 6 February 2023, the Mw 7.8 Pazarçik earthquake ruptured the left-lateral East Anatolian Fault in southern Türkiye after initiating in the nearby Narli fault zone. It was followed 9 hours later by the Mw 7.5 Elbistan earthquake that occurred on the nearby Surgu-Cardak fault zone. We model the coseismic slip distributions for these two earthquakes using geodetic data, including Sentinel-2...
The traditional understanding of plate tectonics posits rigid plates primarily undergoing deformation at narrow plate boundaries. However, the equatorial Indian Ocean presents a unique scenario with a diffused deformation zone spanning approximately 3000 km within the Indo-Australian plate. Past investigations have identified N-S compression in the Central Indian Ocean basin and strike-slip...
Significant geogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have been reported worldwide at plate boundaries in both volcanic and non-volcanic contexts. Specific hydrothermal manifestations observed at the surface show large CO2 emissions that remain difficult to quantify precisely. These include “CO2 rivers”, which are turbulent, negatively buoyant flows that propagate near the surface following the...
With rates locally exceeding one centimeter of denudation per year [1,2], i.e., more than 100 t/ha/year, the Durance basin in the French Alps is one of the world’s most heavily eroding areas [3]. A combination of favorable conditions explains this phenomenon, including a very steep topography, sparse vegetation and a particular susceptibility of the Jurassic black marls, also called Terres...
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a cutting-edge international neutrino experiment under construction now in US, which uses Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPCs) as its main detector technology for particle identification on the far site in the SURF facility in South Dakota. The far detector (FD) modules will be able to detect longbeam neutrinos (generated by a...
Optical satellite images are proving to be a valuable tool for quantifying the deformation of the ground surface caused by an earthquake, especially in the direct vicinity of the co-seismic surface rupture, where InSAR often saturates, due to the amplitude of the displacement. When comparing an image acquired before the earthquake with an image acquired after, using correlation to measure...
My thesis topic deals with integrating multisource data to improve seismic risk assessment in northern Morocco, located on the active tectonic plate boundary between Africa and Eurasia. The main objective is to further estimate the seismic hazard in the region and provide a comprehensive background for urban planning to mitigate seismic risk. My research is based on seismic analysis, space...
Understanding the rupture mechanism, distribution, and migration of seismicity following a large earthquake depends on the quality of available earthquake catalogs (uncertainties, completeness magnitude, etc.). In this study, we investigate the aftershock sequence recorded by several temporary arrays deployed in the zone of the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake in Chile, using a combination of deep...
Shallow creep, as a widespread phenomenon in the earthquake cycle, plays an important role in understanding the behavior of faults and seismic hazards. InSAR has been widely used to measure the interseismic deformation of strike-slip faults. In the previous study, we used the phase gradient stacking method to obtain the strain rate maps along the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) and found that the...
In seismic hazard assessment, using Vs30 proxies and 1D shear wave velocity profiles often leads to underestimated ground motion, especially in complex geological areas like Greater Beirut (GB). This metropolis, near active seismic faults and with a history of significant earthquakes (551, 1202, 1837), features diverse soil types, necessitating detailed...
Chondrites are primitive and undifferentiated meteorites. These objects have a composition that has remained largely unchanged since the early stages of the solar system formation. They are therefore extensively studied to understand planetary formation, particularly that of Earth, including the origin of its volatiles.
Sulfur has four stable isotopes, allowing for the measurement of...
The collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates has resulted in high-altitude Tibetan Plateau with profound seismic activity. Within this natural geological laboratory, a symphony of geodynamic phenomena unfolds, including plate underthrusting, tearing, mantle upwelling and rift formation. In this study, we apply the seismic box tomography to the southern Tibetan Plateau, aiming to quantify...
Oceanic Transform faults (OTF) are active, mainly strike-slip, tectonic plate boundaries, which segment Mid Oceanic Ridge axes. Along subduction zones, areas where Oceanic Fracture Zone (OFZ), the seismically inactive extension of OTF are being subducted, seem to be associated with higher seismic activity, thicker crust formation and distinct chemical signatures in produced arc lavas. As all...
Unlike subaerial volcanic activity, deep submarine eruptions are difficult to detect, observe in real-time, and monitor. Here we use high-resolution (~2 m) bathymetry from a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) to document seafloor morphologies associated with the 2018 submarine eruption offshore Mayotte. Optical imagery (videos and still images) from the ROV provides ground-truth for geological...
Volcanic environments frequently generate seismic activity. This is the case for La Réunion island's two major volcanic edifices (Piton des Neiges and Piton de la Fournaise), where significant seismic activity is recorded. While the seismicity of Piton de la Fournaise can be easily explained by its volcanic activity (more than three eruptions per year since 2014), the seismic activity of Piton...
Large impacts dominated the accretion during the early solar system. They contribute to the
heating, melting, and sometimes vaporization of the impact bodies. Quantifying the frequency of
the different resulting structures’ aftershocks is a key point in understanding the evolution of the
protoplanetary disk. In this study, we work on the behavior of early Earth-like materials...
Neutrinos, electrically-neutral particles interacting exclusively through the weak force, were initially considered massless in the Standard Model. However, the discovery of neutrino oscillations in vacuum and matter by Super-Kamiokande (1998) and the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (2002), respectively, established that neutrinos are massive. Thus, neutrinos became the first evidence of physics...
