The generation of nuclear power inevitably produces radioactive waste, necessitating safe and sustainable management. In France, highly-radioactive waste resulting from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel is encapsulated in a borosilicate glass matrix for long-term deep geological disposal. This study investigates nuclear glass vapor hydration in unsaturated conditions, a crucial aspect for ensuring the long-term safety of geological repositories. The potential exposure of glass to unsaturated environments lasting tens of thousands of years underscores the significance of understanding this process.
