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Description
TeV haloes are extended sources of very-high-energy gamma rays found around some middle-aged pulsars. The emission spanning several tens of parsecs suggests an efficient confinement of the ultra-relativistic lepton pairs produced by pulsars in their vicinity. The physical mechanism responsible for this suppressed transport has not yet been identified. In some scenarios, pair confinement may be linked to the medium the pulsars are located in (Bourguinat et al., 2026 A&A).
I will use a chronological approach and set the context for the discovery of TeV haloes by presenting the positron excess in cosmic rays, give an overview of what we know about them and the pulsars that are creating them.
Finally, I will propose to revise a fundamental hypothesis commonly used when discussing TeV haloes: their surrounding environment.